As African economies expand and become more technologically advanced, governments are increasingly prioritizing the security of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) materials. These substances are vital for sectors like healthcare, industry, research, and mining, but their growing use presents a significant challenge in preventing their theft, diversion, or misuse.

Historically, security discussions in Africa predominantly centered on armed groups and conflict. However, the expansion of healthcare systems, growth in mining, and acceleration of trade have led to a substantial increase in the management of sensitive CBRN materials. This trend necessitates stronger regulatory frameworks, enhanced oversight, and more robust enforcement mechanisms to ensure these materials are handled safely.

Mubarak Aliyu, a political and security risk analyst based in Nigeria, noted that the "same materials that strengthen healthcare, scientific research, mining and industry can also become security risks if poorly managed." He emphasized that the objective is not to impede development but to ensure that innovation is complemented by effective oversight and secure handling practices.

The Africa Shield 2026 Regional Counterproliferation Workshop, held from July 14-16 in Tunis, Tunisia, addressed these emerging security concerns. The event convened over 100 participants, including law enforcement officials, military representatives, and policymakers from across Africa, to strengthen cooperation on CBRN security and discuss the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1540.

This workshop, now in its sixth iteration, is a collaborative effort led by the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency's International Counterproliferation Program, in partnership with the European Union's Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Centres of Excellence Risk Mitigation Initiative and the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute. Its aim is to bolster African governments' capabilities in preventing, detecting, and responding to CBRN risks through targeted training and capacity-building initiatives.

Discussions at the workshop focused on practical strategies for governments to maintain the security of materials used for peaceful purposes amidst expanding industries and deepening cross-border trade relationships. Participants explored how to balance economic progress with the imperative of stringent security measures for CBRN materials.

The initiative highlights a growing recognition that development and security are increasingly intertwined. As Africa continues its industrialization trajectory, ensuring the secure management of CBRN materials is becoming a critical component of national and regional security strategies, aiming to prevent potential misuse by non-state actors or for illicit purposes.

Further sessions and ongoing cooperation through programs like Africa Shield are expected to facilitate the exchange of best practices and the development of harmonized approaches to CBRN security across the continent, addressing the evolving landscape of material management and security threats.