Thousands of European troops are set to participate in a large-scale military exercise in Poland this month, designed to rehearse the deployment of a multinational force to Ukraine should a peace deal be reached.

This exercise, dubbed Koalicja, represents a significant step in preparing for long-term security guarantees for Ukraine, a concept discussed by European nations over the past year. The rehearsal aims to test the practicalities of establishing and operating a multinational presence within Ukraine, focusing on how such a force would be moved, protected, and supplied.

Nearly 3,000 military personnel from 12 European nations, including Britain and France who are leading the initiative, will take part. The UK will contribute 300 troops and two RAF Typhoon fighter jets, while France is also a key participant. The exercise will also test command and control structures to ensure seamless cooperation between troops from different countries.

Western officials have emphasized that any deployed force would not engage in offensive operations, peacekeeping, or ceasefire monitoring. Instead, their role would be to provide reassurance to Ukraine and assist in rebuilding its armed forces. The US has been involved in discussions but is not contributing personnel to this specific mission.

Russia has previously stated that foreign troops stationed in Ukraine would be considered legitimate targets. While Western officials have not detailed the specific rules of engagement if international troops were attacked, they have indicated that the force would be equipped to defend itself. UK Defence Secretary Wes Streeting stated that the exercise demonstrates a commitment to preparing for Ukraine's post-conflict stability.

Lieutenant General Tom Bateman, UK commander of the Multi National Force – Ukraine (MNF-U), described the exercise as a crucial step in transforming political commitments into tangible military readiness. He highlighted the force as capable, readily deployable, and a testament to the coalition's dedication to Ukraine's long-term security.

The exercise will cover land, sea, and air components. The RAF Typhoons will simulate measures to reassure commercial aircraft once Ukraine's airspace is deemed safe. Turkey is slated to lead the maritime aspect, with aspirations to clear mines and facilitate the resumption of Black Sea trade.

Nations participating include Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey. However, officials have refrained from specifying the exact composition and structure of a potential future deployment to Ukraine, noting that final details are still being determined.