In Colombia’s volatile Catatumbo region, a faction of FARC dissidents has spoken exclusively to Al Jazeera, revealing their return to armed conflict. The group claims that a historic peace deal, intended to end decades of violence, has failed to deliver the promised security and social transformation.

These dissidents represent a segment of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) who did not lay down their arms after the 2016 peace agreement. Their decision to re-engage in fighting stems from a perceived failure of the state to implement the accord's provisions, particularly concerning rural development and the protection of ex-combatants.

The group is currently engaged in fierce battles with rival armed organizations for control of strategic territories and lucrative drug trafficking routes within the Catatumbo region, a known hub for illicit activities. Al Jazeera's Teresa Bo gained exclusive access to the dissidents, providing a rare glimpse into their current operations and motivations.

This resurgence of FARC dissidents highlights the ongoing fragility of peace in Colombia. The government faces the immense challenge of not only combating active armed groups but also addressing the underlying socio-economic issues that fuel conflict, potentially impacting the long-term stability of the peace process.

The Catatumbo region, bordering Venezuela, has historically been a contested area. Its dense jungle terrain and proximity to international borders make it ideal for illicit crop cultivation and trafficking. The ongoing struggle for control underscores the economic incentives that continue to drive armed conflict in certain parts of the country.

Sources within the dissident group indicated that their return to arms was a last resort, driven by a sense of abandonment and a lack of viable alternatives. They expressed disillusionment with the peace process, stating that promises of land reform and security guarantees have not materialized for many in the affected communities.

This situation presents a significant challenge for Colombian authorities, who are tasked with upholding the peace agreement and ensuring security across the nation. The continued presence and activity of armed groups like these FARC dissidents complicate efforts to foster development and consolidate peace.

Unresolved questions remain about the exact size and capabilities of this FARC faction, as well as the Colombian government's strategy for addressing their resurgence and the broader issues plaguing the Catatumbo region. The conflict's impact on local populations and the environment also warrants further attention.