Rome prosecutors have placed Israeli Defence Minister Israel Katz and 12 senior military, police, and prison officials under investigation concerning the alleged abuse and sexual assault of activists detained during solidarity missions to Gaza. This development expands an existing probe that previously focused on National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir.

The investigation, initiated following complaints from 50 Italian citizens detained on two Global Sumud Flotilla missions in 2025 and 2026, centers on accusations of torture, kidnapping, personal injury, robbery, and damage. The alleged mistreatment occurred when Israeli forces intercepted activist boats attempting to reach Gaza.

According to the Rome prosecutors' office, activists detained after the first flotilla in 2025 reported experiencing beatings, injuries, death threats, and accusations of terrorism. Those on the second mission in 2026 described more severe treatment, including beatings in darkness, and the use of tasers and rubber bullets. The activists also reported at least 15 instances of sexual assault, including rape.

Luca Poggi, an Italian economist and detained activist, recounted to Reuters in May that detainees were stripped, thrown to the ground, and kicked. The flotilla organizers state their objective is to break Israel's blockade of Gaza by delivering humanitarian aid.

The first Global Sumud Flotilla departed from Barcelona in September 2025 with 42 boats and 462 activists. Israeli forces intercepted the fleet in international waters in early October, leading to the detention and subsequent deportation of hundreds.

The second mission launched from Barcelona in April 2026. Interceptions by Israeli forces began near Crete on April 30, and by May 19, approximately 430 individuals on about 50 ships had been detained in international waters, with the final intercepts occurring off Cyprus.

Following the second mission, Itamar Ben-Gvir posted a video appearing to show him taunting detained activists who were cable-tied and kneeling at a makeshift prison in Ashdod port, with Israel's national anthem playing. Ben-Gvir had previously dismissed news of the investigation in June, stating his continued support for Israeli soldiers.

This expanded investigation into high-ranking Israeli officials highlights the serious allegations of mistreatment and potential human rights violations faced by individuals attempting to deliver aid to Gaza, raising international scrutiny over Israel's actions.